kozan

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At the turn of the twentieth century, about 1,200 of its population of 8,000 were Armenians. They were all deported during the course of the War of independence. Kozan was occupied by France between March 8, 1919 - June 2, 1920 during the Turkish War of Independence. After Turkey was declared a republic, Kozan was a province, compromising the districts of Kozan, Kadirli, Feke and Saimbeyli between 1923 and 1926.

Today Kozan is a city surrounded by vineyards, gardens and groves of cypress, sycamore fig, orange and lemon trees. In summer the great heat (40 plus degrees Celsius or 104 plus degrees Fahrenheit) compels the inhabitants to desert Kozan, retreating to cool off in the wooded higher ground.

The castle at Sis (modern Kozan) is one of the largest fortified sites in the Levant. If laid from end to end, the circuit walls would measure almost 3 kilometers in length. The walls, towers, vaulted undercrofts, cisterns, and residential buildings are carefully adapted into the folds of the lofty outcrop of limestone. The vast majority of these constructions are built with well-cut rusticated ashlar, a masonry typical of Armenian fortifications. There are fragments of Byzantine walls as well as an entrance corridor at the southeast which was built during the Mamluk occupation and has an inscription in Arabic. Because of its strategic location, Sis has indivisibility with the castles at Andıl, Anazarbus, and Tumlu.

states that provide sovereignty:
Hittite (In the 3rd millennium B.C)
Assyrian
Hittite (late hittite period)
Ancient macedonia (Alexander the Great)
Seleucid Empire
Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire
Abbasid caliphate
Byzantine Empire
Cilician Armenian kingdom
Mamluks
Ramadanid emirate
Ottoman Empire
Kozanoğulları Turkmen clan / Qōzānoğlu dynasty of derebeys (1700-1866)
Ottoman Empire
Turkey republic.